To destroy or kill most bacteria (except bacterial spores), fungi, and viruses on nonporous surfaces is referred to as:

• A. Cleaning
• B. Cleansing
• C. Disinfection
• D. Sterilization

Answer: (C)

Focusing on reducing harmful microorganisms on surfaces is what this question tests. Disinfection means destroying or killing most bacteria, fungi, and viruses on nonporous surfaces, bringing down the microbial load to safe levels. It’s a stronger action than simply cleaning, which removes dirt and some microbes but doesn’t guarantee a significant reduction in pathogens. It’s not sterilization, which would kill all forms of life, including bacterial spores; that higher level is required for items that enter sterile sites or require complete elimination of life, not just surface disinfection. In a salon or similar setting, you’d use a registered disinfectant to achieve this level of microbial control on nonporous surfaces like countertops and tools.